Abstract During a search for parasites in fishes from Iguazu River, Argentina, a nymph of pentastomid was found encysted on mesenteries of Phalloceros harpagos. The 28S rDNA and COI mt-DNA were used to compare with the sequences deposited in the GenBank. Pentastomid nymphs belong to the subfamily Diesingiinae (Sebekidae) for having chloride cell pores distributed in a single row per annulus; also, the hooks and rows of spines of our material differ to other genera. Present specimens are most likely Diesingia sp., having 63-74 annuli, a U shaped oral cadre with fibers closing anteriorly and a peg like extension of the oral cadre. The 28S rDNA analysis places our samples into a sister group of Alofia sp., but the COI mt-DNA situate them on the base of the clade. In conclusion, our pentastomid positively belongs to Diesingia sp., however, indisputable assignation requires a reliable description of the nymph, or the availability of sequences linking nymphs and adults, which even could provide evidence of a new hitherto undescribed genus. Aditionally, the systematic position of Sebekia oxycephala previously described by P. harpagos is discussed on the basis of our results, allowing us to suggest a re-assignation of such specimens to the genus Diesingia.

Abstract As a result of human activities and natural dispersal, exotic species can be brought to new areas, where they become established and spread, becoming invaders. These species are responsible for the loss of biodiversity and cause ecosystemic harm throughout the world. In this paper, we report the rapid, broad geographic expansion of the invasive fly Drosophila nasuta in Brazil. An 84% increase was found in its area of occupation in the country compared to previous studies. The present data reveal its arrival to the Pantanal wetlands in a location more than one thousand kilometers from the closest previous record in the Cerrado biome. We present the first record of D. nasuta in the Atlantic Forest in the states of Paraíba and Bahia. We report its introduction in the Amazon Forest in the state of Amazonas approximately 700 kilometers from previous records. The relative abundance of D. nasuta in this biome increased fivefold in comparison to a previous study. In the first decade of invasion in Brazil, D. nasuta has already colonized more than half of the country. The present data reveal its invasive potential and underscore the importance of following up the possible negative effects of this biological invasion.

Abstract Albinism is a genetic disorder that results in a deficiency in melanin production. This type of chromatic alteration may affect several vertebrate species, but is rarely observed in nature. In Brazil, for the bat group, only 15 albino individuals have been registered. Here we present a new case for Artibeus planirostris. A pregnant female of this species with alopecia was captured in the Caatinga biome. A compilation of the distribution of albino bats in Brazil is presented.

SAPHO syndrome (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis) is a multifactorial inflammatory condition that includes an association between dermatological and bone and joint manifestations. The presence of osteitis and hyperostosis define this disease. There is no standard therapy for SAPHO syndrome, but NSAIDs are used as first line. We present the case of an 18-year-old male subject with severe acne on his back, chest, chin, and the retroauricular area, being this associated to high fever and erythematous plaques in both legs. The bone scan showed right leg hyper-uptake, related to non-infectious osteitis. The patient did well with antibiotics and oral steroids.

El síndrome SAPHO es una enfermedad inflamatoria de origen multifactorial que incluye una asociación entre manifestaciones dermatológicas y osteoarticulares. La presencia de osteítis e hiperostosis definen la enfermedad. No existe un tratamiento estándar, pero se usan AINES como primera línea. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 18 años con acné severo en dorso, pecho, barbilla y zona retroauricular, asociado a fiebre alta y placas eritematosas en ambas piernas. La gammagrafía presenta hipercaptación en tibia derecha, con relación a osteítis no infecciosa. Tuvo evolución favorable con antibióticos y corticoide oral.

Abstract The Atlantic Forest of South America is one of the most degraded tropical forests and the cultivation of sugarcane is considered one of the main causes. In humid forests termites stand out with regard to their abundance and functional importance. The present study aimed to compare termite assemblages of fragments of the Atlantic Forest with that of the sugarcane matrices that surround them. Collections were performed in two sugarcane plantations in Northeast Brazil. In each plantation a fragment of Atlantic Forest and an adjacent sugarcane field were sampled using a standardized termite sampling protocol. A total of 39 species and 302 encounters were recorded. Species richness, relative abundance and composition differed significantly between forests and the matrices, with the presence of exclusive species in each environment—25 in the forests and seven in the matrices. Soil feeding species of the subfamily Apicotermitinae and species of open areas were found in the matrices. There was a marked difference between the assemblages of the matrices, possibly due to soil characteristics. The majority of the species found in the matrices do not cause damage to the crop, but instead act in the processes of soil decomposition and formation, thereby contributing to increased productivity.

Abstract: Oxyurid nematodes parasitizing the mole cricket Neoscapteriscus vicinus were isolated in the framework of sampling fields of mole-crickets from the pampean region, in Argentina. In this work, molecular characterization of the 18S rRNA partial sequence of nematodes belonging to the families Thelastomatidae (Cameronia arecoensis Marchissio and Miralles 1987) and Travassosinematidae (Binema korsakowi Sergiev 1923 and Binema klossae, Marchissio and Miralles 1993) were carried out. This is the first world report of sequences belonging to B. klossae and C. arecoensis and first Argentinian report of B. korsakowi sequence. Also, morphological and morphometric features of B. klossae, B. korsakowi and C. arecoensis from Argentinian populations are reported.

O Brasil apresenta alta diversidade de moscas do gêneroDrosophila sendo parte desta riqueza representada pelo grupo cardini. Nós analisamos as flutuações na riqueza e na abundância deste grupo em ambientes que nunca haviam sido estudados na região Nordeste do Brasil. Entre os 28.204 drosofilídeos amostrados, 1.294 pertenceram ao grupo cardini e foram representados por: D. polymorpha, D. cardini,D. neocardini e D. cardinoides. As ocorrências de D. neocardini e D. cardinoides foram registradas pela primeira vez para a Caatinga. Neste bioma, D. cardini destacou-se como a espécie mais abundante e D. polymorpha não foi observada. Na Floresta Atlântica costeira D. cardini não foi registrada, masD. polymorpha foi observada em todas as localidades investigadas. Os manguezais foram os ambientes com a menor abundância e riqueza do grupo cardini. Os Brejos de Altitude apresentaram a maior riqueza deste grupo. Nós sugerimos que a alta abundância deD. polymorpha nos Brejos de Altitude e na Floresta Atlântica Costeira pode refletir a relação histórica entre estes dois ambientes.

Brazil has a high diversity of flies of the genusDrosophila, and part of this richness is represented by thecardini group. We analyzed the fluctuations in the richness and abundance of this group, in environments that had never previously been studied in the northeastern region of Brazil. Among the 28,204 drosophilids sampled, 1,294 belonged to the cardini group and were represented by D. polymorpha, D. cardini, D. neocardini and D. cardinoides. Occurrences ofD. neocardini and D. cardinoides were registered for the first time in the Caatinga. In this biome,D. cardini stood out as having the highest abundance, andD. polymorpha was not observed. In the coastal Atlantic Forest, D. cardini was not registered, but D. polymorpha was found in all the localities investigated. Mangrove swamps were the environment with the lowest abundance and richness of thecardini group. The High-altitude Forest presented the highest richness of this group. We suggest that the high abundance of D. polymorpha in the High-altitude Forest and in the coastal Atlantic Forest may be a reflection of the historical relationship between these two environments.

A 35 years old female with morbid obesity IMC 45 was referred because of a gastrobronchial fistula developed post sleeve gastrectomy initially treated with endoscopic techniques without improvement, reason why a total resection of the gastric remanent with a Roux en Y reconstruction was done as an option with successful result.

Se presenta el caso de una paciente mujer de 35 años de edad operada por obesidad mórbida con índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 45, que fue referida por presentar fistula gastrobronquial post gastrectomía en manga la que no cicatrizó con medidas endoscópicas requiriendo manejo quirúrgico de resección total del remanente gástrico con reconstrucción en Y de Roux como opción curativa.